Calender roll



Feb. 5, 1957 J. P. HOLLowAY 2,780,443

CALENDER ROLL Filed Dec. 15. 1955 2 Sheng-sheet 1 2o l 4l 45 2| 43 n 14 12 23 |3 o f H. 'I ,1 I7

4849 5o 5| 39 Il 19 ls la l 2229 29 21 2 3o 3o 3o 2 5 3210/19 l l2? /l 3o 2827 3o 26 5*- 3o 3o 3o 4 1 I] ,1" 23g 1NVENTOR f L 31 31\ 34 38 B |32 35\35l35\ 35 35 35 l 31 1 31 JAMES P. HoLLowAY F'y 3 am? la? ATTORNEY Feb. 5, 1957 J, P, HOLLOWY 2,780,443

CALENDER ROLL 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. l5, 1953 INVENTOR JAMES P. HOLLOWAY" ATTORNEY the heat control fluid passages in these areas.` tern is, therefore, effective to maintain certain areas of United States CALENDER ROLL James P. Holloway, Manheim Township,` Lancaster County, Pa., assignor to Armstrong Cork Company,v

Lancaster, Pa., a corporation of Pennsyivania Application December 15, 1953, Serial No. 398,359 7 claims. (ci. 257-95) In the operationA of sheeting calenders such as those currently used in the manufacture of door and wall coverings, it is highly desirable to control the temperature vonthe surface of the roll within a very limited range in order to produce sheet material having the desired surface characteristics and the desired design effect.

Qne type of rollused for this purpose in calendering thermoplastic materials isdisclosed in United States Patent No. 2,498,662, issued February 28; 1950. The roll disclosed in this patent has a relatively thin outer shell provided with a plurality of annular channels disposed immediately beneath the working surface of the roll. The purpose of this arrangement of annular chan- `nels' is to provide a system in which the temperature controlfuid acts immediately on the working surface of the lroll and prevents the entrapment of a large quantity of lluid` inthe center "of the roll where'it is ineffective for controlling the temperature of the working surface of the roll.

ywhere certain areas of the rollare subject to greater temperature fluctuation due to increased heat transmission,

etc., it is possible to offset this fluctuation by directing a greater or lesser amount of heat control fluid through The systheroll surface lat different temperatures where the normal temperature of the roll surface 'is constant; or it may be used to maintain a constant temperature at all points vonfthe roll surface when the normal temperature of the roll surface is not constant.

For example, in the calendering of asphalt tile, cold brine is circulated through the top or facing roll of the calender to prevent the roll surface from getting tooV hot due to its constant contact'with the asphalt tile composition. However, if the ratel of flow or brine is the same throughout the entire roll, the ends of the roll become too`cold due to increased radiation from these areas, with the result that the edges of the calendered sheet have 'ditferent'surface characteristics than the remainder offthe sheet. To overcome this trouble caused by cold ends on the rolls, the device hereinafter disclosed has been utilized.

The system is suitable for the transfer of heating fluid 'or cooling fluid through the roll, Adependingonthe specie requirements of the product being formed into a sheet on the calender in which the roll is acomponent fpart; t

An 'object'ofthisinvention is toiprovide a system `Whereby it is possible to control the" temperature of the attent uid from the roll;

ice

2 surface by controlling the distribution of fresh tempera ture control iluid within the body of the roll.

Another object of this invention is to provide a calender roll in which the rate of flow of temperature control iluid supplied to different areas of the roll can be controlled to vary the temperature of different areas ofthe roll at any given time.

ln order that this invention may be more readily understood, it will be described in connection ywith the attached drawings, in which:

-Figure l is a longitudinal.cross-sectional view of the injector and discharge end of the roll showing the controls, indicators, etc.;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a calender roll on the line 2-2 of Figure 5 showing the internal passages for the introduction of temperature control lluid to the annular passages adjacent to the surface ofthe roll; Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rollon the line 3-3 of Figure 4 showing the arrangement of iiuid passages for the discharge of temperature Vcontrol Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view on the line 4-4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view on the line 5--5 of Figure 2; 1

Figure 6 is a plan View of the discharge pipe showing the arrangement of ports therein;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view on the line 7--7 of Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view on the line"8-8 vof Figure 6gand i Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view on the line 9'-9 of Figure 6. I

Referring toFigure'Z, there is shown a calender roll 2 having a relatively thin outer shell 3 provided with a plurality of annular channels 4 formed on the inner surface thereof. This outer shell 3 surrounds a central core 5 having a longitudinal central passage 6 carrying a plurality of concentric pipes. These'concentric pipes are designated by the numerals 7, 3, and 9. The coreS tits tightly within the shell 3 and engages the upstanding 'ribs between adjacent annular channels 4to seal Athe 1() secured to the neck of the roll 2 bymeans of studs.

The end of outer pipe 7 isprovided with a bushing 1 1 Asecured thereto. The end of intermediate pipe 8 is also secured'to bushing 11. It will be clear that with this arrangement any rotation of the roll 2 will rotate Outer pipe 7 and intermediate pipe 8. Certain portions of the inner pipe 9 are in frictional engagement with the interior of intermediate pipe 8, the frictional engagement being such that intermediate pipe S will rotate inner pipe 9 with `it during normal operation. However, inner pipe 9 may be moved both longitudinally and radially with respect-to intermediate pipe 8 in a manner to be described later.l

Between the left-hand end of the roll 2 andthefend of outer pipe 7, there is positioned a housing 12 which nected to an inlet` supply pipe 1S while radial manifold -1-4 is connected toa discharge pipe 19. It will be understood that lthe housing 12 is stationary and thatthe concentric pipes '7,"8, and 9 rotate therein.

V the annular channels 4.

i At the extreme left-hand end of Figure l are the controls and indicators for controlling the discharge of the luid from the calender roll. These controls are mounted on a housing y secured by means of studs `21 to the bushing 1l. With this arrangement the controls rotate with the calender roll 2. The actual operation of thc controls and indicators is hereinafter described.

'The temperature control fluid enters the system through the supply pipe 1S into manifold 13. This fluid is supplied under pressure by a pump or other suitabler means not shown. Radial manifold 13 communicates with the outer concentric pipe 7 by means of ports 22 formed in the wall of the pipe 7. Passage of temperature control fluid between the two manifolds 13 and 14 in pipe 7 is prevented by means of a dam 23 positioned between the inner surface of outer pipe 7 and the outer surface of intermediate Vpipe 8. The temperature control fluid introduced under pressure to pipe 7 through the ports 22 flows along the pipe into the center of the roll cavity. The other end of the pipe 7 is closed by means of a plate 24 which seals olf the-end of outer pipe 7 and the end of intermediate pipe 8.

Positioned in the core 5 are radial passages 25 (Figure 2) which extend from the longitudinal central cavity of the roll to longitudinal inlet manifolds 26 positioned immediately beneath the outer shell 3. These radial passages 25 are in communication with the interior of pipe 7 by means of orifices in the pipe 7 in register with the radial passages 25. It will be noted in Figure 2 that there are two sets of radial passages 25 and two longitudinal inlet manifolds 26. With vthis arrangement the temperature control Iluid in pipe 7 will flow through both sets of radial passagesZS to longitudinal manifolds 26 positioned at opposite points on the circumference ofthe core 5. These-two sets of radial passages 25 are disposed at 180 to one another and the longitudinal inlet manifolds 26 are disposed at 180 to one another. The longitudinal inlet manifolds 26 are sealed olf from the annular channels 4 in the outer shell of the roll by means -of shields 27 positioned on the circumference of the cylindrical core 5. These shields 27 are provided with apertures 28 which permit the temperature control fluid in the longitudinal manifolds 26 to flow through the apertures 28 into the annular channels 4. Each longitudinal inletmanifold 26 is divided into a plurality of compartments by means'of dams 29. Thesefdams 29 are so arranged that three small compartments 30 are provided vat'each end of each manifold while the central part of the manifold'comprises one large compartment 31. vThe compartments are so arranged Vthat each of the small compartments 30 is positioned adjacent two annular chiannels 4.

lt will be noted that eachof the longitudinal inlet manifolds 26 communicates with only one-half of That is, the longitudinal inlet manifold at the top of the roll communicates with lalternate annular `channels 4 while the corresponding manifoldl at the bottom of the roll communicates with alternateannular channels which are intermediate the annular channels supplied by the first manifold.

Referring to Figure 2, it will be observed that the fluid enters the first annular channel on the left-hand side of 4Figure 2 from the end compartment 30 of the bottom longitudinal inlet manifold 26, and the second annular Vchannel is supplied with fluid from the end compartment 30 of the top longitudinal inlet manifold 26. From` this it is seen that each of the small compartments 30 supplies fluid to only one annular channel, while the central "compartment 31 supplies the remainder of the channels.

The radial passages 25 are so arranged' that one passage is provided for each of the small end compartments 30, while two are provided for each of the larger central compartments 31.

As the temperature control fluid is forced through the apertures 28, the stream of fluid divides, with the result "that a portion of the fluid ows around the roll in one direction and the remainder of the fluid flows around the roll in the other direction. These two tluid streams meet in the annular channel 4 at a point approximately from the point at which the lluid was introduced into the annular channel through the aperture 28. The fluid is discharged from the annular channels through the system shown in Figure 3.

ln Figure 3, there are shown two longitudinal exhaust manifolds 32 positioned immediately beneath the shell 3. These exhaust manifolds are in the same relative position as the longitudinal inlet manifolds 26 except that they are angularly displaced from the longitudinal inlet manifolds 26 on the circumference of the core 5. The relationship between the position of the longitudinal exhaust manifolds 32 and the longitudinal inlet manifolds 26 is clearly illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. The longitudinal exhaust manifolds 32 are provided with shields 33 separating them from the annular channels 4. These shields 33 are provided with apertures 34 communicating with the annular channels 4. In comparing Figure 2 and Figure 3, it will be observed that the fluid enters the first annular channel on the left-hand side of Figure 2 from the bottom longitudinal inlet manifold 26 and is discharged from the first annular channel on the lefthand side into the top longitudinal exhaust manifold 32 in Figure 3. Since the longitudinal inlet manifold 26 is positioned immediately beside the longitudinal exhaust manifold 32, it will be seen that the discharge takes place at approximately 180 from the point at which the fluid enters the annular channel 4. The same system of alternate exhaust manifolds communicating with alternate annular channels is used in the discharge system illustrated in Figure 3 as is above explained in connection with the supply system illustrated in Figure 2.

Each longitudinal exhaust manifold 32 is divided into a plurality of compartments by means of dams 3S. The compartments in the exhaust manifolds 32 correspond in size and position to the compartments 30 and 31 in the inlet manifolds, the small end compartments being designated by the numeral 37 and the larger middle compartments being designated by the numeral 38. The fluid is conducted from the longitudinal exhaust manifolds 32 through radial passages 36 leading through the core 5 to inner pipe 9. Each of the end compartments 37 of the exhaust manifolds has one radial passage 36, while the middle exhaust compartments 38 are provided with two radial passages. The discharged lluid passes through the radial passages 36 into the inner pipe 9 through which it is conducted to the left, as shown in Figure 3, until it reaches the end of pipe 9, as shown in Figure l. The ends of inner pipe 9, intermediate pipe 8, and outer pipe 7 are provided with outlet ports 39` communicating with radial manifold 14, which in turn communicates with discharge pipe 19.

ln the system just described, if all fluid passages, manifolds, apertures, and channels are unrestricted, all the annular Ychannels 4 will carry the same quantity of temperature control lluid flowing at substantially the same velocity. However, the passage of fluid through certain of the annular channels of the roll may be impeded by shutting off or partially shutting off certain of the radial exhaust passages 36. If this is done, temperature control fluid willl be entrapped in certain annular channels 4 and at the same time will be permitted to flow freely through other annular channels of the roll.

The restriction of the passage of the fluid is accom plished byv adjusting the position of the inner pipe 9 with respect to intermediate pipe 8. This adjustment may be made by moving the pipe 9 longitudinally with respect to pipe 8 and also turning pipe 9 radially with respect to pipe 8. As explained earlier, pipe 8 rota-tes with calender roll 2, while pipe 9 normally rotates with calender `roll 2 but may, during adjustment, be rotated with respect to pipe 8. This adjustment of pipe 9 with respect to pipe 8 is accomplished by means of two handwheels 40 and 41 the other ra-dial passages will be fully open.

mamas positioned 'on the left-hand side of Figurel.V Hand-Wheel 41 is keyed to la-screw shaftv 42 which i-s threaded int-o a plug 43 secured' to the end cf inner pipe 9. Rotation of the handwheel 41 will move pipe 9 in a longitudinal direction, inasmuch as handwheel 41 is so mounted as to prevent lateral movement `thereof with respect to pipe 8. The amount of movement of pipe 9 is indicated by an indicator rod 44 attached to the end of pipe 9 and extending through a central bore in plug 43, sc-rew shaft y42, and handwheel 41. By means of this indicator, `the exact longitudinal position of pipe'9 will be known at all times. Pipe 9 may be rotated with respect to pipe 8 by means of handwheel 4l) which rotates about hub 45. This handwheel 4t? carries a gear 46 secured thereto by means of studs 47. Gear 46 engages a spur gea-r 48 keyed to a shaft 49. Shaft 49, by means of suitable gearing, rotatesworm 50, which in turn rotates worm wheel 51 keyed `to the plug 43. Worm wheel S1 is keyed to plug 43 i1: such manner that the plu-g can move longitudinally during longitudinal adjustment of the pipe 9. Attached to worm wheel 51 is an indicator rod 52 extending in an upwardly direction through an opening 53 in the housing y20. The position of this indicator rod 52 shows the amount of angular displacement of pipe 9 with respect to pipe 8.

Referring now to Figure 3, it will-be seen that the intermediate pipe S is provided with orifices 54 communicaring with radial exhaust passages 36. These orifices are the same size and shape yas the cross-sectional dimensions of the radial exhaust passages 36. provided with larger orifices 55, 56, 57, and 58, which are in register with orifices 54 4in intermediate pipe 8 during normal operation in which the flow of fluid is unrestricted at all points. The orifices in the inner` pipe 9 are not all the same size and shape as the orifices 54 in 'the intermediate pipe 8. It will be` observed :that the orifices 55, which are in register with radial passages 36 at the ends of the roll, are the same dimension lengthwise of the pipe as the hole 54 in the intermediate pipe 8. Progressing from these end passages toward the center of the roll it will be seen that orifices 56, which are in register with the second pair of radial exhaust passages 36, are fifty percent larger than the size of the orifices 54 in the intermedia-te pipe 8. Since the orifices 54 in register with the radial passages 66 at each end of the roll are all the same size, it will be obvious that lthe -orifice 56 is fifty percent larger than the orifice 55.

Progressing to the next set of radial passages i36, the orifice 57 in the inner pipe `9 is one hundred percent larger than the orifice 54 in intermediate pipe 8. This t arrangement of different sized orifices in the inner pipe 9 is the same at each end of the roll.

With this system, if inner pipe 9 is moved longitudinally with respect tij-intermediate pipe 8 a distance equal to one-halffthe diameter of the orifices 54, it will be seen that the end radial passages will be half closed while all This will restrict the flow of fluid from `the end channels of the yroll and will, therefore, have a ydecreased cooling effect on the ends of the roll. Movement of the inner pipe 9 another half diameter of the orifice 54 will completely shut off the end radial passages and will half close the second set of radial passages. With this setting, no cooling fluid is flowing from the end channels land flow is restricted in the second set of two channels communicating with the second end compartment. Continued movement of the inner pipe 9 to the right as viewed in the drawing will completely close the second radial pass-age and half close the third radial passage, thereby entrapping yfluid in the fou-r end channels and restricting the flow in the fifth and sixth channels. Movement of the inner pipe 9 another one-half diameter will completely close all of the annular channels leading from the vsmall compartments -in the end of the roll, but the inner radial passages will remain open.

inner pipe 9 is f If i-t should be desiredto -shut offi the ilowlof temperature control fluid from one end of the roll and it 'at the other end of the roll, this can be accomplished by rotating inner pipe 9 with respect to intermediate pipe 8. It will be noted that the orifices 55, 56, and 57 at one end of the inner pipe 9 are augularly displaced with respect to the orifices 55, 56, and 57 at the other end of the pipe. With this arrangement, if it is desired to shut of the ow of temperature control fluid through the .right-hand end of the roll, as viewed in Figure 3, inner pipe 9 is rotated in a clockwise direction by rotation of the handwheel 40. This will close all of the annu-l lar passages at the right-hand end of the roll, while all of the annular passages at the left-hand end of the roll Will remain open. Should it be found desirable to shut oft' the annular passages at the left-hand end of the roll and keep the passages at the right-hand end of (the roll open, the inner pipe is rotated in a counterclockwise direction. It will be understood that the rotation and longitudinal movement of the inner pipe 9 can be carried out at the same time so las to completely. shut off` the annular passages at one end of the roll and partially close annular passages at the other end of the roll, as described earlier, by moving the pipe longitudinally with respect to the annular passages.

ln the operation of the device, the calender roll is operated with vtemperature control fluid flowing through all portions at substantially the same velocity, with all the ports between the radial passages and the inner pipe 9 open. lf it is found that the ends of the roll are being cooled to too great an extent by the cooling iluid, this can be corrected by moving inner pipe 9 a suflicient omunt to close off as many of the end channels as may be found' desirable to maintain the ends of the rollat the proper temperature.

In the system here under consideration, the temperature is controlled by impending the flow of dluid from the annular channel-s, thereby entrapping the fluid ytherein. It will be understood, however, that the system may be used to impede the supply of fluid to `t-he annular channels 4. This is accomplished by'supplying temperature control fluid through pipe 19 into inner pipe 9 and discharging the fluid from `the roll through pipe 7 to pipe 1'8.

With a system of this type, it is possible to circulate temperature control yfluid through the entire roll` and control the circulation so as -to entrap temperature control iluid in one area of the roll to change the ltemperature of that area with respect `to the other areas of the roll. This is all accomplished by impeding lthe flow-of the exhaust fluid from the annular channels positioned immediately beneath the working surface of the roll.

l claim:

l. In a heat exchange roll of the shell type, comprising an outer shell and an inner core with. a temperature control .fluid circulating system disposed therebetween to control the temperature of the roll surface, means for dividing the temperature control fluid circulating system into zones, each zone comprising a plurality of annular channels, and means for controlling the rate of flow of fluid so that the fluid will ilow at a different rate in adjacent zones.

2.,ln a heat exchange roll of the shell type, comprising an outer shell and an inner core witha temperature control fluid circulating system disposed therebetween to control the temperature of the roll surface, means for dividing the temperature control fluid circulating system into zones, said inner core being provided with a longitudinal central cavity for the introduction of temperature control fluid into the roll, means for transferring the temperature control fluid from the central cavity to individual groups of annular channels comprising the circulating system, means for returning the fluid from the annular channels to the central cavity, and control -rneans to-reg1 1latef the rate of ow so thatuid will ow `at ajjdiierentratein adjacent zones.

3J-In a heat exchange roll "ofthe shelltype, compris- -/ing aneoutershell and an inner core with atemperature control `A fluid circulating system disposed therebetween control fluid into said longitudinal central cavity, said corebeing provided with radial passages for the conduc- -tion `of temperature control liuidfrom the longitudinal central cavity to -thendividual zones Vof the temperature controlfluidfcirculating system, said-.core also beingy `-provided witlrradial passages -for conducting the temperature controllluidtronr-the individual zones of the temperature control Huid-circulating system back to the lcentral cavity,vand means .for controlling the `rate of ow `I'of' fluid sothat luid will. flow at a different rate-in ad- `jacent zones.

4. lln aheat exchange roll of the shell type, comprisingfanzoutershell.andan inner core with a temperature .control fluid circulatingl system disposed `therebetween to control the temperature of the rollY surfacemeans for 1 dividing the temperature control fluid circulating system z.intozones along the, length of the roll, said core being l.provided Ywith a longitudinal cavity l or the introduction of temperaturecontrol fluid thereto, said core being provided. .with radial passages for. transmitting temperature control iluidfrom vthe central cavity to the individual zones in the circulating system, said core being provided with asecond set of radial passages for transmission of l discharged temperature controllluid from the individual zones of the circulating system to. thegroll cavity, and apait'. of concentric pipes communicating witlrtheradial .exhaustpassages for conducting the temperature control -.iiuid away Afrom the central cavity, said concentric pipes being movable with respect to one another to control Ithe rate of llow of temperature control nid through separate zones to vary the temperature of different zones on the surface of the roll.

5.; In Lheat exchange .roll of the shell type, comprising an outer Shel and an inner core with temperature ,control Huid circulating system disposed therebetween to control the temperature ofthe roll surface, means for dividing the temperature control iluid circulating system .into vZones along the lengthof the roll, said core being 1 provided with a longitudinal central cavity for the introduction of temperature control fluid, said core being pro-- I vided with radial pass fluid away from the roll, caen of said pipes being provided with orices in alignment with said discharge passages in said core, and means for moving one of said pipes longitudinally with respect to the other of said pipes to progressively change the rate of low in adjacent Zones on the surface of the roll, said progression moving se- 8 quentially fromthevends of the roll toward the center.

6. In a heat exchange roll of the shell type, comprising an-outer shell and an inner core with a temperature *control-liuid circulating system .disposed therebetween to control the temperature of the roll surface, means for dividing the temperature control iluidcirculating system into zones along the length of the roll, said core being kprovided with a longitudinal central cavity for the introduction of temperature control tluid thereto, said core being provided with radial passages leading from said central cavity to each individual zone of the temperature control fluid circulating system to conduct temperature control iluid from the central cavity to each individual zone of the temperature control uid circulating system, said core also being provided with radial passages leading from the individual Zones to the longitudinal central cavity to conduct discharged temperature control uid from the individual Zones to the longitudinal central cavity to conduct discharged temperature control fluid from the individual :iones to the central cavity, and a pair of concentric pipes located in said central cavity and connected with said discharge passages, one of said concentric pipes being rotatable with respect to the other concentric pipe, each of said pipes being provided with orifices to register with orifices in the other' pipe, the arrangement of orifices between the concentric pipes and the radial exhaust passages being such that rotation of the pipe in one direction will restrict the rate of ilow of temperature control iluid through the zones at one end of the roll and rotation `ot" the pipe in the other direction will restrict the flow of. temperature control Fluid through the Zones at the other end of the roll.

7. ln a. heat exchange roll of the shell type, comprising anoutcr shell and an inner core with a temperature control fluid circulating system disposed therebetween .to control the temperature of the roll surface, means for dividing the temperature control fluid circulating system into. zones along the entire length of the roll, said core being provided with a longitudinai central cavity, said cere being provided with two sets of radial passages for connecting said central cavity with each individual zone of the temperature control uid circulating system, a pair ofconccntric pipes in said longitudinal central cavity, said concentric pipes being in communication with one :ict of radial passages communicating with each zone in the temperature control fluid circulating system, each of said pipes being provided with oriccs in alignment with one set of radial passages, and means for moving one of said pipes longitudinally with respect to the other pipe to progressively `change the rate of ow in adjacent zones on the surface of the roll, said progression moving sequentially from the ends ofthe roll toward the center.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,016,382 Weeden Feb. 6, 1912 1,739,787 Doughty et al. Dec. 17, 1.929 y 1,928,173 Gerstenberg Sept. 26, 1933 2,435,959 Eaby Feb. 17, 1948 2,498,662 Eaby Feb. 28, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS l253,331 Switzerland Nov. 16, 1948 

